Swage apparatus



Jan. 14, SUSUMU YAMAURA ETA!- SWAGE APPARATUS Filed Feb. 21, 196e sheetof 4' FIGJ.

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IN SUSUM U YHMFIURHv NHTSUE YHMHURH MMA/www Jan. 14, 1969 sUsUMUYAMALJRA ETAL 3,421,358

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SWAGE APPARATUS Filed Feb. 21, 196e sheet. 4 of 4 /0 8 9p' *l/ l 77870INVEN o SUSUMU VHN U H BYMHTSUE YAM/JURA United States Patent Oio/10,612 U.s. cl. 72-408 Inf. cl. 1121s 37/02, B215 9/18 3 ClaimsABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A swaging apparatus includes pairs of matingdie halves arranged in longitudinally aligned relation todefine alongitudinally tapering die passage. Respective intermediate hammeringblocks are associated with each die half, and arranged in longitudinalalignment with each other on either side of the split dies. The splitdies are formed of magnetizable material and are magnetized withrespective polarities such that the haves of each split die repulseseach other, maintaining each die half in engagement with its associatedintermediate hammering block. A pair of rotary hammering rods extendalong respective opposite sides of the two series of hammering blocks incontact with the outer surfaces thereof to impart inwardly directedimpacts to the hammering blocks to impact the associated die halves.

This invention relates to an apparatus for use in the swaging of metaltubes, particularly for the production of elongated tubes having a bodylongitudinally tapered by swaging from one end to the other.

The swaging apparatus known in the art has been obliged to have anoverall length of the dies confined to 200 millimeters at most. In orderto taper a tube by swaging, accordingly, there are employed a pluralityof swagers having die passages of diverse diameters, and swagingprocessing is applied to the article stage by stage, passage by passage.In this case, therefore, installation costs are very high because manyseparate swagers are employed. Unit production cost also becomes high.In addition, multi-stage processing fails to produce even and continuoustapering of the article being swaged.

In view of the above, the elongation of swaging dies is of greatutility, because said disadvantages and defects can all be eliminatedwhen an elongated die or an elongated unit of integrally associated diesis employed, as is the case with this invention.

The primary object of this invention is accordingly to provide a noveltype of swager having an elongated die unit which has an ability toperform 4a continuous and an even swaging processing which has not beenpossible in the prior art.

The term elongated die unit, or similar terminology, employed in thisinvention, includes not only an elongated single die but a plurality ofdies longitudinally aligned so as to form a continuous associated lineardie passage for swaging.

The above and other objects of this invention will be made clearer inview of the following description:

The split die employed in this invention is of a specific type havingthe property that the die halves act repulsively against each other.According to the principles of this invention, such split dies arealigned longitudinally along the central portion of the frame.Intermediate hammering blocks for laterally driving said split dies, androtary hammering rods extend longitudinally, in this order, on bothsides of the split dies in the same plane, in such a manner that theintermediate hammering blocks are driven to provide a hammering action,which operates laterally against the split dies from both sides, by therotary action of the rotary hammering rods, and that the split dies arebrought into closed swaging position by the hammering action of saidintermediate blocks.

The specific arrangement and combination as described above eliminatesthe disadvantages of the conventional multi-stage swagers. For,according to the principles of this invention, the assembly of saidsplit dies, intermediate hammering blocks and rotary hammering rods canbe elongated as long as required without any limitation, successfullyimparting, by means of the split dies which are integrally associatedinto a single unit, a continuous swaging processing even with respect toan article which is too long to be treated by the conventionalapparatus.

However, if the split dies were brought into operating closed positionby the mere lateral hammering action of the intermediate hammeringblocks which are energized by the rotary action of the rotary hammeringrods, and brought into idle, open position by the mere reaction of thereciprocating action, there would occur unnecessary percussive phenomenabetween said dies and intermediate hammering blocks, and accordinglybetween said intermediate hammering blocks and rotary hammering rods,during the intervals of the hammering operation, causing undesirabledisturbances in the orderly action of the split dies. Such disturbancesare all eliminated in the present invention, wherein there is employed aspecific split die having the property of making the confronting diehalves act repulsively against each other. Due to such repulsiveproperty, each half of the split die is maintained at least in directcontact with the intermediate hammering blocks during the intervals whenthe halves are released from the closed operating position, whereby thesplit die is released from the aforesaid undesirable disturbances,advantageously allowing the die to operate under the most favorableconditions. The article to be tapered is subjected to swaging by forcingthe article to intrude into the dies from one end of the assembly to theother, as is the case wilth the conventional apparatus, whereby thetapering processing is applied to the entire length of the article.

For a more concrete and clearer understanding of the principles of thisinvention, there are appended drawings in which:

FIGURE 1 is a plan view showing a swager embodying the principles ofthis invention;

FIGURE 2 is a side elevation of the embodiment of FIGURE l;

FIGURE 3 is a sectional view along the line I-I of FIGURE 2;

FIGURE 4 is an oblique View showing a split die of another type;

FIGURE 5 is a magnified view showing the split dies, intermediatehammering blocks and rotary hammering rods employed in FIGURE 1; and

FIGURE 6 is a sectional view along the line II--II of FIGURE 5.

In the swager of this invention illustrated in FIGURES l to 3, splitdies having paired halves 1 and 1 are longitudinally aligned, each ofwhich halves is provided with a uniformly tapered split slot 2 and 2' orsemi cylindrical section forming a continuous passage for swaging whenbrought into operating position. Said paired halves 1 and 1 are furthermade of material having magnetic properties, such as steel, and providedwith a polarity which makes said halves repulse each other inconfronting relation.

The paired halves 1 and 1 as specified above are longitudinally alignedin the central portion of the bed 4 of a swager frame 3 and held inposition by means of end walls 5 and 5 in such a manner that said halvesll and ll are allowed to move freely laterally of the bed and parallelto walls 5 and 5. Said paired halves 1 and 1 may comprise single bodiesextending along the entire length between the walls 5 and 5. In the wall5 facing the entry side of the split die formed by the members 1 and 1is provided a guide opening 47 facing the entry opening of the swagingpassage formed by split slots 2 and 2 to facilitate the passage of thearticle into the swaging passage.

A shaft 6 carrying in alternation, intermediate hammering blocks 7 andcylindrical members 8, extends longitudinally along the outside of thehalf members 1 of the split dies and is movably held in position bymeans of walls 5 and 5. Similarly, a shaft 6 carrying, in alternation,intermediate hammering blocks 7 and cylindrical members 8 extendslongitudinally along the outside of the half members 1 of the split diesand is held in position between walls 5 and 5. Said intermediatehammering blocks 7 and 7 are made of material having magneticproperties, such as steel, and are anchored with the respective shafts 6and 6 by means of drive pins 9 and 9 screwed therewith via openings 7aprovided in the body of the hammering blocks 7 and 7. Cylindricalmembers S and 8 are rotatable on their respective shafts.

A rotary hammering rod 1i?, journaled in bearings held in pillows 11 and12 which are integral with walls 5 and 5', extends longitudinally alongthe outside of the intermediate hammering blocks 7 and cylindricalmembers 8. Another rotary hammering rod 10', journaled in bearings heldin pillows 11 and 12' integral with walls 5 and 5', also extendslongitudinally along the outside of the intermediate hammering blocks 7and cylindrical members 8. Said rotary hammering rods 1i) and 10' aremade of material having magnetic properties, such as steel, each beingheld in position by means of two pairs of rollers 4S and 48', tomitigate the percussive shocks acting against the bearings held inpillows 11 and 12, 11 and 12. Each of said rotary hammering rods 10 and10 is further integrally provided on its surface, except those areaswhich are in contact with the holding rollers 48 and 43', withlongitudinal projections 13 and 13', spaced circumferentially from oneanother by a suitable distance, for hammering the cylindrical members 8and 8 at ordered intervals.

Each unit of holding rollers 4S is further held in position by means ofa supporter 49 which is held in a guide 56 which is secured to a lateralwall 14 by a suitable means, such as bolting, Similarly, each unit ofholding rollers 48 is held in position by means of a supporter 49 whichis held in a guide 50" which is secured to another lateral wall 14. Eachof said supporters 49 is further adjustable by means o-f adjustingscrews 52 threaded laterally through wall 14 and locked by means of locknuts 51. Similarly, each of said supporters 49 is adjustable by means ofadjusting screws 52 threaded laterally through the wall 14 and locked bymeans of lock nuts 51.

The lateral walls 14 and 14 are water-tightly secured at right angles tothe side walls 5 and 5 by a suitable means, such as soldering. The frame15 formed by the walls `14, 5, 14 and 5 is secured in a groove 53 in thebed 4, with the interpositioning of oil-proof packing 16 by a suitablemeans, such as bolting, and lubricating oil is maintained in theenclosure formed by the frame 15 in association with the bed 4. Theframe 15 may be provided with a lid to prevent the scattering oflubricating oil during swaging operations.

The rotary hammering rods 10 and 19 are driven in opposing directions,as shown by arrows in FIGURE 3, by a motor 17, the movement of which istransmitted to said rods 1t) and 10 via drive shaft 18, transmissionbelt 19, shaft 21 provided with a ity-wheel Ztl, and the transmissiongear 22 which is engaged on the one hand with the gear 23 secured to oneend of the rotary hammering rod 10 and on the other with the gear 24secured to one end of the rotary hammering rod 10, all members beingoperationally associated with one another.

Member 25 is a rotary shaft for driving the article to be treatedlongitudinally into the swaging passage formed by the split slots 2 and2' of the split dies formed by the halves 1 and 1. Said drive shaft 25is journaled in bearings held in the pillows 29 and 29 which areprovided in a carriage 28 which is geared with rails 27 and 27'extending longitudinally on the frame 26 in such a manner that theposition of the drive shaft 25 can be adjusted longitudinally along theaxial line of the swaging passage by means of shifting the carriage 28along the rails 27 and 27. Member 30 is a motor for driving shaft 25,the movement of which motor is transmitted to shaft 25 via transmissionbelt 31, stepless change gear 32, transmission belt 33, worm gear 34,worm wheel 35 in mesh with said worm gear 34, transmission belt 36connecting the worm gear shaft with an inter-mediate drive shaft 37extending longitudinally on the frame 26, and a transmission belt 38connecting pulleys 43 and 44, of which pulley 43 is secured onintermediate drive shaft 37 by means of a slide key (not shown) so as toenable the pulley 43 to move longitudinally relative to the intermediatedrive shaft 37, and the pulley 44 is operationally secured to one of theend portions of the drive shaft 25. The transmission belt 38 bridgingthe pulleys 43 and 44 is of a sliding type, so that the belt skids orruns idle when the article driving shaft 25 reaches the maximumoperational load. Other suitable means known in the art, such as aclutch mechanism which releases itself when the operational load reachesa predetermined maximum, may be employed instead of said slidingtransmission system.

Member 39 is a hand wheel for shifting the carriage 28 along the rails27 and 27. Said hand wheel 39 is secured to one end of a shaft 42 whichhas a pinion 41 meshing with a rack 40 extending longitudinally on theframe 26. The turning by hand of this hand wheel 39 shifts the carriage28 along the rails 27 and 27.

The swaging apparatus shown in FIGURES 1 to 3 is employed for taperingarticles having no magnetic properties and is operated in the followingmanner:

The article to be swaged is placed in operative position with one endengaged with the forward end portion of the drive shaft 25 and the otherinserted in the guide opening 47. In engaging the article with the driveshaft 25, there are employed suitable means, such as inserting a splitpin 46 through the pin hole 45 which is provided in the body of thedrive shaft 25 via a slot provided in the end portion of the article.The article thus stationed is gradually driven into the swaging passageformed by the split slots 2 and 2, in association with the forward shiftof the carriage 28.

Prior to the insertion of the article into the entry of the swagingpassage, the article driving shaft 25 and rotary hammering rods 10 and10 are energized by means of motors 17 and 30. Then the projections 13and 13' provided on the surface of hammering rods 10 and 10 act againstthe cylindrical members 8 and 8', driving the shafts 6 and 6', andaccordingly the intermediate harnrnering blocks 7 and 7 integrallyassociated therewith, inwardly against the split dies formed by halfmembers 1 and 1', whereby half members 1 and 1 are driven inwardly inopposition to the magnetic repulsion members 1 and 1', imparting swagingprocessing to the forward end portion of the article inserted in theentry of the swaging passage formed by the split slots 2 and 2.

The swaging loperation of the split dies formed by halves 1 and 1 isrepeated, each time a projection 13 and 13 strikes against cylindricalmembers 8 and 8 by means of the rotary hammering rods 10 and 10. Thearticle engaged with the drive shaft 25 is gradually inserted into theswaging passage in accordance with the forward shift of the carriage 28.The article being tapered is immovably held in the swaging passage whenthe split dies formed by halves 1 and 1 are in a closed operatingposition, whereby the rotation of the article is inhibited and thetorque reaction on` the drive shaft 2S reaches the maximum value. Thenthe sliding transmission belt 38 slips, and the drive shaft 25, andaccordingly the article being tapered, is released from the maximumoperational load resisting the rotary movement, eliminating the dragacting upon the drive shaft 25 and the article being driven. When theintermediate hammering blocks 7 and 7 are released from the drivingaction of the projections 13 and 13', namely, when the half members 1and 1' forming the split dies are released vfrom the closed operatingposition, the operational load on the drive shaft 25 is eliminated andthe sliding transmission belt 38 is again effective in driving thearticle being tapered further into the Swaging passage formed by thesplit slots 2 and 2'. This forward thrust of the article being taperedmay be performed not only mechanically as shown also manually.

When the half members 1 and 1' forming the split dies are released fromthe closing operating position, half members 1 and intermediatehammering blocks 7 on the one hand, and half members 1' and intermediatehammering blocks 7 on the other, are drawn backward to and held incontact with the rotary hammering rods and 10' respectively by themagnetic repulsion force acting between the split dies, so that thereare produced no per cussive disorders in the closing action of the halfmembers 1 and 1 following the release of said members 1 and 1 from theclosing position, whereby the dies are always held in ordered operationand a uniform Swaging processing can be applied to the entire length ofthe article from one end to the other while the article is forced topass through the Swaging passage from the entry toward the exit.

As a means for imparting the desirable repulsive action to the halfmembers 1 and 1' forming the split dies, there may be used compressedcoil springs as is illustrated in FIGURE 4.

The split die shown in FIGURE 4 is not magnetized. On the end portionsof the halves 1 and 1 there are secured brackets 55 and 55 in pairs by asuitable means, such as bolting, in such a manner that a compressed coilspring 54 is held in position between said brackets 55 and 55 by holdingrod 56 having one end secured to the bracket 55 and the other movablypassing through the opening 57 provided in the bracket 55.

The modified embodiment shown in FIGURE 4 is installed on the bed 4 insuch a manner as shown in FIG- URES 1 to 3 and operated in the same4manner as described hereinbefore. The half members 1 and 1 forming thesplit die shown in FIGURE 4 are provided with a repulsive property toact against each other by means of the resilient force of the compressedcoil springs 54 and 54. Having no magnetic property and the resultantinduction effect, said split die can be employed without regard to themagnetic properties of the article to be tapered.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown anddescribed in detail to illustrate the application of the principles ofthe invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodiedotherwise Without departing from such principles.

We claim:

1. Swaging apparatus comprising, in combination, at least one split dieincluding a pair of mating die halves conjointly defining alongitudinally tapering die passage when said die halves are closed oneach other; laterally displaceable intermediate hammering block meanslongi tudinally aligned along the lopposite outer surfaces of said diehalves and having portions in aligned engagement with said die halves;means biasing said die halves laterally apart to expand said die passagelaterally and to maintain said die halves in continual engagement withsaid portions of said intermediate hammering block means; and rotaryhammering rod means extending along and in contact with the laterallyoutward surfaces of said hammering block means and effective, duringrotation, to impart inwardly directed impacts to said hammering blockmeans to impact said die halves into closed relation to swage workdisposed in said die passage; said means biasing said die halveslaterally apart comprising like polarity magnetization of the two diehalves of each split die, Whereby said die halves are biased apart bymagnetic repulsion.

2. Swaging apparatus comprising, in. combination, at least one split dieincluding a pair of mating die halves conjointly dening a longitudinallytapering die passage when said die halves are closed on each other;laterally displaced intermediate hammering block means longitudinallyaligned along the opposite outer surfaces of said die halves and havingportions in aligned engagement with said die halves; means biasing saiddie halves laterally apart to expand said die pasage laterally and tomaintain said die halves in continual engagement with said portions ofsaid intermediate hammering block means; and rotary hammering rod meansextending along and in contact With the laterally outward surfaces ofsaid hammering block means and effective, during rotation, to impartinwardly directed impacts to said hammering block means to impact saiddie halves into closed relation to swage work disposed in said diepassage; said intermediate hammering block means comprising hammeringblocks and rollers arranged in alternation longitudinally of respectiveshafts extending along opposite outer surfaces of said die halves; saidblocks being xed to said shafts and said rollers being rotatable on saidshafts and projecting laterally outwardly beyond the outer surfaces ofsaid hammering blocks.

3. Swaging apparatus, as claimed in claim 2, in which said rotaryhammering rod means comprises a pair of rods each extendinglongitudinally adjacent the laterally outer surface of a respectivehammering block means, said last-named shafts being formed with ribsextending longitudinally of the outer surface thereof incircumferentially spaced relation and engageable with the projectingportions of said rollers in a die half impacting manner.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 435,351 8/1890 Berry 173-94715,774 12/1902 Fenner -i 72-452 2,617,319 11/1952 Richards 72-762,919,611 1/1960 Nichols 72--396 CHARLES W. LANHAM, Primary Examiner.

G. P. CROSBY, Assistant Examiner.

U.S. Cl. XR. 72--415, 430, 452

